The COVID-19 pandemic will continue to impact infrastructure projects around the globe in all sectors as supply chains are disrupted, customer demand falls, and health regulations force a change in the way business is conducted. Infrastructure projects delivered through public-private partnerships (PPPs) make them more challenging to deal with because of long-term contractual commitments made between counterparties, including third-party lenders and investors. This note discusses k...

PPIAF Annual Report 2018 provides the reader with a qualitative cross-section of the breadth and width of PPIAF’s portfolio of activities, with snapshots of specific achievements to illustrate the impact of our work as we help governments strengthen institutions and governance.

Public-Private Partnerships cover a wide range of contractual arrangements between public authorities and private entities contributing to the private financing of public infrastructure in the broad sense. PPPs are an important tool to meet national infrastructure needs and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Such contractual arrangements, however, are complex and require strong and consistent national policies to attract investment and ensure the protection of the public interest. ...

One of the most common, but least written about, public policy instruments implemented by governments to encourage private finance has been the establishment of Public Infrastructure Funds (PIFs). At this point, readers may ask "what are PIFs?" One of the benefits of PIFs is that they are unique, adapted to meet specific country contexts, but conversely this can make them hard to accurately define. Put simply, they are a specific type of infrastructure financing fund that uses pu...

This World Bank report was commissioned to inform this past weekend’s G20 conversations. It underlines that lack of maintenance of infrastructure assets has real costs and repercussions on people, firms, and economic systems. Moreover, regular maintenance is an essential contributor to infrastructure resilience as countries face the impacts of climate change. We emphasize that more spending alone is insufficient, unless accompanied by new approaches in planning, costing, and deliveri...

Fragility, conflict, violence, and weak institutions are critical development challenges that have affected many countries. Using a set of outcome indicators, a total of 61 countries have been identified for this paper as an “Expanded list of Fragile and Conflict-Affected States.” Economic and financial conditions, business environment, and rule of law are usually weaker in EFCS countries, raising private sector investment’s ris...

One of the most important issues in designing a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) contract for infrastructure projects is the allocation of the project’s risks between the public and private parties. As we have discussed in the companion paper, the risk allocation is a means to give appropriate incentives for the private partner to perform according to the contract terms, thus achieving value for money. In what follows, we shall describe best practices in risk allocation, complementin...

This publication provides guidance to government officials in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) on when government guarantees for public-private-partnership (PPP) projects might be desired; how they could be best utilized; the structure and scope of guarantees and guarantee programs; the costs and risks entailed; and how to manage these risks.

Many of the world's most controversial private infrastructure projects originated as unsolicited proposals to governments. This Note explores critical questions for developing policies to deal with unsolicited proposals. For example, under what conditions should governments allow unsolicited proposals? And how can they add competition and transparency to the process? A companion Note reviews the methods used by the governments of Chile , the Republic of Korea , the Philippines , and So...

Public-Private Partnerships cover a wide range of contractual arrangements between public authorities and private entities contributing to the private financing of public infrastructure in the broad sense. PPPs are an important tool to meet national infrastructure needs and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Such contractual arrangements, however, are complex and require strong and consistent national policies to attract investment and ensure the protection of the public interest. ...

This study conducts an exploratory review of the literature on infrastructure and gender to discuss best practices and lessons learned for mainstreaming gender and identify gender gaps. The scope of this study is limited to gender mainstreaming in upstream infrastructure planning and implementation. The review goes beyond publications produced by MDBs and other multilateral institutions to include academic literature on gender & politics. This literature is particul...

When it comes to infrastructure projects, “unsolicited proposals” (USPs) represent an alternative to the traditional project initiation method where the private sector, rather than the government, takes the leading role in identifying and developing a project. In practice, many public authorities across the world resort to USPs motivated by the perspective of solving the challenges brought by their lack of capacity to identify and develop projects. However, many projects that o...

One of the most common, but least written about, public policy instruments implemented by governments to encourage private finance has been the establishment of Public Infrastructure Funds (PIFs). At this point, readers may ask "what are PIFs?" One of the benefits of PIFs is that they are unique, adapted to meet specific country contexts, but conversely this can make them hard to accurately define. Put simply, they are a specific type of infrastructure financing fund that uses pu...

This volume contains detailed studies on the disclosure policy and practice of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in 13 jurisdictions. The jurisdictions were studied as part of the research and analysis carried out under the Disclosure in PPP Project jointly implemented by the World Bank Group Public-Private Partnerships Cross-Cutting Solution Area (WBG PPP CCSA), the Governance Global Practice (GGP), Construction Sector Transparency Initiative (COST), and Public-Private Infrastructure Adv...

Developed by the Global Infrastructure Hub, a G20 initiative, the PPP Contract Management Tool provides guidance for governments in managing PPP projects after financial close, through construction and operations. The tool highlights lessons learned on some of the common challenges that arise and how they can be addressed, as well as how to avoid some of the common pitfalls. The data and case studies include new information about the management of PPP contracts, which h...

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the delivery of public services have become a phenomenon which is spreading the globe and generating great interest. But why is a concept, barely mentioned a decade ago, now attracting such interest? Overall, the answer is that PPPs avoid the often negative effects of either exclusive public ownership and delivery of services, on the one hand, or outright privatization, on the other. In contrast, PPPs combine the best of both worlds...

When it comes to infrastructure projects, “unsolicited proposals” (USPs) represent an alternative to the traditional project initiation method where the private sector, rather than the government, takes the leading role in identifying and developing a project. In practice, many public authorities across the world resort to USPs motivated by the perspective of solving the challenges brought by their lack of capacity to identify and develop projects. However, many projects that o...

This PPIAF-funded report aims to discuss and disseminate information on how Islamic finance has been applied in infrastructure projects through PPP schemes, what the structural challenges and solutions are, and what can be done to deepen and maximize the use of Islamic finance for this purpose. This report has two broad dimensions. The first is to enhance the understanding of Islamic finance building blocks as they relate to financing infrastructure PPP projects, and the second, and p...

For over 20 years, PPIAF and its partners, particularly governments, donors, and international development institutions, have worked to build the capacity, regulatory, and institutional framework necessary to stimulate private sector participation (PSP) in infrastructure. PPIAF’s work helps its clients work with the private sector to continue providing financing and operating infrastructure services when systems and economies are under unprecedented strain. The pandemic is not the on...

In July 1999 the first edition of Standardisation of PFI Contracts (”SoPC”) was published. The aim was to provide guidance on the key issues that arise in PFI projects in order to promote the achievement of commercially balanced Contracts and enable public sector procurers to meet their requirements and deliver best value for money. Second and third editions have followed in September 2002, and April 2004, together with an Addendum in December 2005. This Version 4 updates the g...

This report Public-Private Partnerships in Land Administration: Analytical and Operational Frameworks was developed to address knowledge gaps, advance the thinking on how PPPs can be implemented in land administration with appropriate risk mitigation, and explore how the World Bank and other development partners may engage in financing and building capacity in land administration. With its analytical assessments and operational tools, the report intends to support governments (land agencie...

This Reference Guide is the response to the need for augmented capacity to scale up the use of Islamic finance and for standardization of documentation across various sectors and asset classes—in effect, a road map for its use. It aims to reduce any added complexity and share more knowledge about Islamic transactions. The Reference Guide includes four case studies to illustrate how the different shari'ah-compliant structures have been used in infrastructure PPPs. In addi...

Cuando se trata de proyectos de infraestructura, los proyectos de “Iniciativa Privada” (IP) representan una alternativa al mecanismo tradicional de iniciación de proyectos en el que el sector privado, en lugar del gobierno, asume el papel principal en la identificación y en el desarrollo de un proyecto. En la práctica, muchas autoridades públicas de todo el mundo recurren a las IPs, motivadas por la perspectiva de resolver los desafíos que plan...

The complexity of public-private partnership (PPP) transactions often means that considerable time and expense is involved in preparing and finalizing the contract. This has led many stakeholders to ask for standardized provisions in such contracts to allow for a quicker and less expensive drafting process. Given the variety of PPP transactions and legal systems, as well as the need for "tailor-made" provisions, the development of fully standardized&...

This guide reviews the necessary steps to successfully engage and manage a public-private partnership (PPP) from the early stages. It presents a framework that highlights the requirements, options, and challenges that governments face when embarking into PPPs, and explains how to address them so that a sound PPP program can be implemented and the benefits for both public and private partners can fully materialize. This book draws on experiences from both mature and deve...