This report provides an overview of PPIAF’s activities and accomplishments, which are contributing to helping our clients achieve their goals, as well as the global goal of sustainable development embodied throughout the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

This PPIAF-funded report aims to discuss and disseminate information on how Islamic finance has been applied in infrastructure projects through PPP schemes, what the structural challenges and solutions are, and what can be done to deepen and maximize the use of Islamic finance for this purpose. This report has two broad dimensions. The first is to enhance the understanding of Islamic finance building blocks as they relate to financing infrastructure PPP projects, and the second, and p...

Section one provides a concise summary of the results of the study and includes an overview of the conclusions as well as lessons learned based on the assessment of the case studies. Section two gives the context for the study including the definition of a set of hydroelectric project development options as background to related discussions of rehabilitation later in the report. Section three provides an overview of the contents of this report. Section four discusses the development and ap...

This brochure gives an update on the PPIAF's program on PPPs Institutional Capacity Building in the UEMOA Region. The initiative aimed at will help create an institutional architecture enabling the development of regional and national Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) projects and programs over the next decade. This program is a joint initiative of the World Bank, Agence Française de Développement (AFD) and PPIAF.

For over 20 years, PPIAF and its partners, particularly governments, donors, and international development institutions, have worked to build the capacity, regulatory, and institutional framework necessary to stimulate private sector participation (PSP) in infrastructure. PPIAF’s work helps its clients work with the private sector to continue providing financing and operating infrastructure services when systems and economies are under unprecedented strain. The pandemic is not the on...

This Reference Guide is the response to the need for augmented capacity to scale up the use of Islamic finance and for standardization of documentation across various sectors and asset classes—in effect, a road map for its use. It aims to reduce any added complexity and share more knowledge about Islamic transactions. The Reference Guide includes four case studies to illustrate how the different shari'ah-compliant structures have been used in infrastructure PPPs. In addi...

This study is a product of the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD), a project designed to expand the world’s knowledge of physical infrastructure in Africa. The AICD provides a baseline against which future improvements in infrastructure services can be measured, making it possible to monitor the results achieved from donor support. It also offers a solid empirical foundation for prioritizing investments and designing policy reforms in Africa&rsqu...

Every financial system has faced or will face a crisis at some point. But even in the absence of a crisis, the extraordinary growth in credit over the last two decades has resulted in an increase of non-performing loans (NPLs), which are an unavoidable by-product of lending. This can put economies at risk. When not addressed, distressed assets can grow to reach critical thresholds that can slow down, or even prevent, economic recovery and increase unemployment, creating a vicious circle th...

Benchmarking Infrastructure Development 2020 Benchmarking Infrastructure Development 2020 builds on the success of the Procuring Infrastructure PPPs 2018, which focused specifically on PPPs. It updates the assessment for PPPs in 140 economies and expands its thematic coverage to include the assessment of TPIs in 40 pilot economies.

Over the past several decades Lao PDR has experienced rapid economic development, averaging 8% annual GDP growth. To achieve the country’s development goals, strengthen regional trade links and reduce rural poverty, Lao PDR requires significant investment across infrastructure sectors. Traffic volume in the country has been growing significantly, mirroring the growth rate of the country’s GDP. The number of vehicle (including motorcycle) registered increased from 200,000 in 200...

This report aims to inform the Government of Lao on the necessary considerations and steps to take into account as it progresses in evaluating options for private sector investment and participation in its highway sector. Part one of the report provides a general overview of the economic, political and historical background that will influence the government’s decisionmaking process and affect the private sector’s willingness to ultimately participate i...

This Note introduces key evaluation approaches and methods that can produce credible evidence about the welfare and distributional impacts of infrastructure interventions. Evaluating both types of impact is crucial because the ultimate objective of public policy is to improve the well-being of the population, and particularly that of the poorest and the most vulnerable in society. The Note focuses on infrastructure because across the developing world, inadequate infrastructure remains a ma...

One of the most common, but least written about, public policy instruments implemented by governments to encourage private finance has been the establishment of Public Infrastructure Funds (PIFs). At this point, readers may ask "what are PIFs?" One of the benefits of PIFs is that they are unique, adapted to meet specific country contexts, but conversely this can make them hard to accurately define. Put simply, they are a specific type of infrastructure financing fund that uses pu...

Developed by the Global Infrastructure Hub, a G20 initiative, the PPP Contract Management Tool provides guidance for governments in managing PPP projects after financial close, through construction and operations. The tool highlights lessons learned on some of the common challenges that arise and how they can be addressed, as well as how to avoid some of the common pitfalls. The data and case studies include new information about the management of PPP contracts, which h...

Countries exiting conflict and fragility face many urgent priorities and almost invariably suffer from substantial infrastructure deficits. There is typically very little infrastructure investment during periods of fragility and conflict, and existing installations are often damaged or destroyed. The purpose of this manual is to contribute to improvements in the quality of infrastructure regulation. It does so by identifying key principles for the governance of infrastructure regulators an...

This Property Tax Diagnostic Manual provides guidance on how to analyze and assess immovable property tax systems, diagnose the strengths and weaknesses of such systems, and develop a property tax intervention strategy where needed. Its higher objective is to support increasingly fair and stable tax systems in low- and middle-income countries, with significant potential for sustainable improvements in achieving key revenue, equity, and efficiency objectives. This Manual focuses specificall...

When it comes to infrastructure projects, “unsolicited proposals” (USPs) represent an alternative to the traditional project initiation method where the private sector, rather than the government, takes the leading role in identifying and developing a project. In practice, many public authorities across the world resort to USPs motivated by the perspective of solving the challenges brought by their lack of capacity to identify and develop projects. However, many projects that o...

This study was to analyze the future role of natural gas in the energy mix of countries of South East Europe. The study further identifies regional, cross-border and country-specific gas infrastructure projects that are economically, financially and technically sound. The study also analyses, and makes proposals for, the institutional and policy issues relating to funding and implementing gas infrastructure projects. The study examines sources of gas supply from Russia, the Caspian region ...

Procuring Infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships 2018 is designed to help governments improve their PPP regulatory quality. By benchmarking the regulatory frameworks of economies around the world against internationally recognized good practices in procuring PPPs, this assessment identifies areas for improvement in the preparation, procurement, and management of PPPs. Building on the success of Benchmarking Public-Private Partnership Procurement 2017, this...

This report provides a general overview of the projects that received financing from institutional investors and the share of institutional-investor contributions in the total investment garnered during the period of study. The report finds this share to be extremely low and as such the risks and barriers to institutional investment in infrastructure are also highlighted.  The report also provides details about the institutional investors who provided financin...

This publication provides guidance to government officials in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) on when government guarantees for public-private-partnership (PPP) projects might be desired; how they could be best utilized; the structure and scope of guarantees and guarantee programs; the costs and risks entailed; and how to manage these risks.

Fragility, conflict, violence, and weak institutions are critical development challenges that have affected many countries. Using a set of outcome indicators, a total of 61 countries have been identified for this paper as an “Expanded list of Fragile and Conflict-Affected States.” Economic and financial conditions, business environment, and rule of law are usually weaker in EFCS countries, raising private sector investment’s ris...

Between 1990 and 2015, private sector investments in infrastructure in Vietnam totaled US$11.3 billion, with 81 projects reaching financial closure. According to the World Bank Group’s report, Benchmarking Public-Private Partnerships Procurement 2017, Vietnam scored above the averages of East Asia Pacific countries in the stages of public-private partnership (PPP) projects: preparation, procurement, and contract management. From 2003 to 2014, the Public-Private Infrastr...

Since 2011, PPIAF has assisted the Government of Timor-Leste (GoTL) to attract private-sector investment in the country’s greenfield container-port terminal in Tibar Bay, outside the capital city, Dili. With this assistance, the government identified this as a priority public-private partnership (PPP) project in 2011, then spent the next five years developing it, while also building its own institutional capacity. In June 2016, the government signed a 30-year, $490-million concession...

The Benchmarking Public-Private Partnerships Procurement 2015 report aims to support and enhance the decisions that feed into policy-making by highlighting key aspects of a country’s PPP legal and regulatory framework. The project that the report is based on follows the successful approach undertaken by the World Bank Global Indicators Group, which, with its Doing Business project, has a recognized track record of measuring a country’s laws and regulations and leverag...